Second Air Force operates primarily at five wings located at four major installations: Goodfellow AFB, JBSA-Lackland and Sheppard Air Force bases in Texas; Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi.

Each base is responsible for a specific portion of the formal technical training Airmen require to accomplish the Air Force mission. Instructors conduct technical training in specialties such as aircraft maintenance, civil engineering, special warfare, medical services, cyber/computer systems, security forces, air traffic control, personnel, intelligence, firefighting, and space and missile operations.